Pengertian SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE beserta jenis jenis dan contohnya dalam bahasa inggris dan disertai dengan rumus rumus nya.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

	Infinitive(Verb 1) + Object

 

Infinitive is added s/es to subject she, he, it, the name of people.

Application :

a. The Simple Present is used to express habitual or everyday activity.

Ø  My sister lives in Los Angeles.

Ø  I go running three times a week.

b. The Simple Present says that something was true in the past, is true in the present, and will be true in the future. It is used for general statements of fact.

Ø  The world is round.

Ø  The sun rises in the east.

c. The Simple Present says about something will happen. It is about programme, event, schedule, and another event is planned.

Ø  We begin lesson next week.

Ø  The train arrives at 10.20 am.

d. Certain verbs are not used in the progressive tenses. With these verbs, the simple present may indicate a situation that exists right now, at the moment of speaking.

COMMON NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS

(1) MENTAL STATE                      know                believe             imagine              want                                                                         realize              feel                  
 doubt               need                                                                        understand         
 suppose           remember              prefer                                                               
 recognize         think*                   forget               mean

(2) EMOTIONAL STATE              love                  hate                  fear                  mind                                                                        like                   dislike              
envy                 care                                                                         appreciate

(3) POSSESSION                           possess            have*               own                
 belong

Examples:

Ø  I have only a dollar right now.

Ø  He needs a pen right now.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

To be  (is/am/are) + V-ing + O

Application :

a.    The present progressive expresses an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking. It began in the recent past, is continuing at present, and will probably end at some point in the future.

Examples :

1.      Ratu is eating dinner now.

2.      John is walking right now.

b.   Often the activity is of a general nature : something generally in progress this week, this month, this year.

Examples :

1.      I am taking five courses this semester.

2.      John is trying to improve his work habits.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

S + have/has + V3 + O

 

Application :

1.   The Present Perfect expresses the idea that something happened (or never happened) before now, at an unspecified time in the past. The exact time it happened is not important. Examples :

a.       They have moved into a new apartment.

b.      I have never seen snow.

2.   The Present Perfect also expresses the repetition of an activity before now. The exact time of each repetition is not important. Examples :

a.       I have flown on an airplane many times.

b.      We have had four tests so far this semester.

3.   The Present Perfect also, when used with for or since, expresses a situation that began in the past and continues to the present. Examples :

a.       I have known him for many years.

b.      I have been here since seven o’clock.

In the examples, notice the difference between since and for.

Since + a particular time

For    + a duration of time

Note : If there is a specific mention of time, The Simple Past is used :

I saw that movie last night.

PRESENT PERFECT

CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + have/has + been + V-ing

 

Application :

1.   This tense is used to indicate the duration of an activity that began in the past and continues to the present. When the tense has this meaning, it is used with time words such as for, since, all morning, all day, all week. Example :

a.       Right now I am sitting at my desk.

I have been sitting here since seven o’clock.

2.   When the tense is used without any specific mention of time, it expresses a general activity in progress recently, lately. Examples :

a.       All of the students have been studying hard. Final exams start next week.

b.      I have been thinking about changing my mayor.

3.   With certain verbs (most notably live, work, teach), there is little or no difference in meaning between the two tenses when since or for is used. Examples :

a.       I have lived here since 1985.

I have been living here since 1985.

b.      He has worked at the same store for ten years.

He has been working at the same store for ten years.


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