Bagaimana Cara Mengidentifikasi AFFIXES

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1. List the following affixes in order of priority for teaching purposes.
2. Which could be introduced at elementary, pre – intermediate or intermediate level, and which are best left to more advanced levels?
3. Which are most/least productive?

-ose as in verbose, jocose

-ly to make adverbs, as in quickly, nicely

re- as in re – do, re - write

un- as in unclear, untidy

ill- as in ill – tempered, ill - conceived

-ing to make nouns, as in smoking (is prohibited), reading (helps you learn)

de- as in demist, derail

Answer:

1. The sequences of affixes base on priority for teaching purpose:

·         -ing

This is an extremely common suffix for verb, adjective and noun in English. The example is going.

Verb          : She is going to campus.

Adjective  : A girl going to campus is my friend.

Noun         : His going makes me sad.

Suffix –ing is productivity in shape (formally). When attached to most verb, it yields can be verb, adjective, and noun which is either in common use or wouldn’t need to be listed because its existence is predictable, given the existence of the verb, adjective, and noun.

·         un-

Prefix un- is formally and semantically so general. Whatever word is attached by prefix un-, the result sound like a possible adjective even though it may not be one that conventionally used. One will almost certainly be able to understand what the speaker means, even if the word attached un- is not a word that they themselves would use. For example, when someone use the word unagree instead of disagree, the another will almost certainly be able to understand what the the speaker means, even if unagree is not a word that they themselves would use.

This is a very productive prefix for adjectives in English. It is often used on new word as the need arises. For examples unclean, unattractive, unsafe, etc.

·         -ly

Suffix –ly is productivity in meaning (semantically). Adverb forming

–ly not only formally regular, but also semantically regular. In that it almost always contributes the meaning “in an X fashion” or “to an X degree”. Some words with the formally highly regular –ly are not entirely predictable in meaning.

It is very productive because it is used to form both of adjective and adverb. The example of suffix –ly for adjective is friendly. The example of suffix –ly for adverb is quickly. But, there are several words that can be both of adjective and adverb, for example daily.

·         re-

This prefix isn’t very productive, but many of the words in which they occur are quite common. For example, rewrite.

·         de-

This prefix, of rather restricted occurrence despite its use in some very common words. For example, decrease.

·         -ose

This suffix is productivity in shape.The suffix –ose yields a formally regular base  used on relatively few words, though it is readily use on new formation. For examples, jocose and verbose.

·         ill-

This prefix is used on relatively few words, though it is readily use on new formation. For examples, ill-tempered, ill- conceived.

2. The suffix that could be introduced at elementary is –ing because it is extremely productive.

The affixes that could be introduced at pre – intermediate are un- and -ly because it is very productive.

The prefixes that could be introduced at intermediate level are re- and de- because it is rather productive.

The affixes that could be introduced at advance level are –ose and ill- because it is used on relatively few words, though it is readily use on new formation.

3. The most productive suffix is –ing, because this suffix occurs in a large number of words. The least productive is ill-, because this prefix is used on relatively few words.